part of poetry

assalamualaikum..:)

today i want to talk about poetry. many people still confused about what poetry is, what is part of poetry and how to analyze it. now i will show you some explanation about poetry. I have studied it from my Lecturer..:) let's check this out..

poetry is a type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story  in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas). 

• Poetry form

Ø FORM - the appearance of the words on the page

Ø  LINE -  a group of words together on one line of the poem

Ø STANZA - a group of lines arranged together

Kinds of stanza 

·        Couplet  =  a two line stanza

·        Triplet (Tercet)  =  a three line stanza

·        Quatrain  =  a four line stanza

·        Quintet  =  a five line stanza

·        Sestet (Sextet)  =  a six line stanza

·        Septet  =  a seven line stanza

·        Octave  =  an eight line stanza 

Rhythm:The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem. Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain

Meter:

Ø  A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Ø  Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

Ø  When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line.  They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

Meter cont.

Ø FOOT - unit of meter. 

Ø A foot can have two or three syllables.

Ø Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

TYPES OF FEET

The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.(cont.)

           TYPES OF FEET (cont.)

·        Iambic  - unstressed, stressed

·         Trochaic - stressed, unstressed

·        Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed

·         Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed

Kinds of Metrical Lines

-         monometer      =       one foot on a line

-         dimeter            =       two feet on a line

-         trimeter            =       three feet on a line

-         tetrameter                  =       four feet on a line

-         pentameter      =       five feet on a line

-         hexameter                 =       six feet on a line

-         heptameter      =       seven feet on a line

-         octometer                  =       eight feet on a line

Free Verse Poetry

-         Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.

-         Does NOT have rhyme.

-         Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.

-         A more modern type of poetry.

Rhyme

Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.

(A word always rhymes with itself.)

End Rhyme

Ø A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line

           Hector the Collector

           Collected bits of string.

           Collected dolls with broken heads

           And rusty bells that would not ring.

Internal Rhyme

Ø A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.

Ø Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

Rhyme Scheme

Ø A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always).

Ø Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern.  (See next slide for an example.)

Sample of Rhyme Scheme

              

The Germ   by Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ,                   a

Though smaller than the pachyderm.         a

His customary dwelling place                    b

Is deep within the human race.                   b

His childish pride he often pleases             c

By giving people strange diseases.             c

Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?                a

You probably contain a germ.                     a

Figurative Language

v Simile : a comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.”

Eg: “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

v Metaphor: a direct comparison of two unlike things

Eg: “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.”

v Extended Metaphor: a metaphor that goes several lines or possibly the entire length of a work.

Eg:  Sylvia Plath’s “Mirror”

v Implied Metaphor: the comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated.

Eg: “The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.”

v Hyperbole: Exaggeration often used for emphasis.

Eg:  Shel Silverstein’s Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out: 

“And finally Sarah Cynthia Stout said,
"OK, I'll take the garbage out!"
But then, of course, it was too late. . .
The garbage reached across the state,
From New York to the Golden Gate.

v Litotes: Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole.  Often it is ironic.

Eg:  Calling a slow moving person “Speedy”

v Idiom: An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression.  It means something other than what it actually says.

Eg:  It’s raining cats and dogs.

v Personification: An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities.